中美节日用餐文化比较怎么翻译
1、中西节日对比用英语怎么翻译？急急急
The comparison of festivals between China and the West.
An introction to the festivals of China and the West.
2、求一个关于中美饮食文化差异的英文材料，切题的同志给多积分啊！
略谈中西方饮食文化差异
内容摘要：中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。这种价值理念的差别形成了中餐以食表意、以物传情的特点，过分注重饭菜的意、色、形，基本追求色、香、味，具有粗放型思维特征的中国人在数千年的漫长岁月中却很少考虑饭菜的营养性。西方人在烹饪时自始至终坚持着饭菜的实用性基本特征。从营养角度出发、落足于食物对人的健康，他们不讲究花样、轻视了饭菜的其他功能，致使除了一些吃西餐烦琐的规矩之外，并没有给人留下太深的印象。
在中国，烹调是一种艺术；在西方，烹调则是一种劳动。
关键词：饮食文化 饮食观念 味道 营养 饮食对象 饮食方式 用餐礼仪
对于中国人，我们一出生便开始了品味中式饮食，因而或多或少会厌倦中式饮食，同时，我们正处于经济全球化的形式当中，西方饮食进入中国使我们有了新鲜感，让我们有进入西式快餐店品味与中式饮食不同的西餐或西式快餐的欲望，去吃西餐，就必须了解西餐与中餐有何区别，吃些什么，怎么吃。其次，随着中国加入WTO，中国与西方各国的交往变得越加频繁，中国人到国外去的机会也越来越多，到西方国家，入乡随俗，就免不了与西方人一起用餐，为了不让自己显得孤陋寡闻，也必须得了解西方人的用餐方式和用餐礼仪。仅从这个角度出发，简略地谈谈中西方的饮食文化差异，希望对我们中国人了解西方饮食文化有点借鉴意义。
一、两种不同的饮食观念
与注重“味”的中国饮食相比，西方则是一种理性的饮食观念。西方人注重科学饮食，讲究营养，并且以营养为最高准则。进食有如为一生物的机器添加燃料，特别讲求食物的营养成分，蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素及各类无机元素的含量是否搭配合宜，卡路里的供给是否恰到好处，以及这些营养成分是否能为进食者充分吸收，有无其他副作用。这些问题都是烹调中的大学问，而菜肴的色、香、味如何，则是次一等的要求。即或在西方首屈一指的饮食大国——法国，其饮食文化虽然在很多方面与我们近似，但一接触到营养问题，双方便拉开了距离。
因为过于注重营养，西方饮食几乎没有艺术可言。各种餐饮产品的科学成分一目了然。在宴席上，人们可以讲究餐具，讲究用料，讲究服务，讲究菜之原料的形、色方面的搭配，但不管怎么豪华高档，从洛杉矶到纽约，牛排都只有一种味道，毫无艺术可言，作为菜肴，鸡就是鸡，牛排就是牛排，纵然有搭配，那也只是在盘中进行的，一盘“法式牛排”，一边放土豆泥，旁倚羊排，另一边配煮青豆，加几片番茄便成，色彩上对比鲜明，但在滋味上各种原料互不相干、调和，各是各的味，简单明了。而中国就很讲究“五味调和”，即在重视烹调原料自然之味的基础上进行“五味调和”，用阴阳五行的基本规律指导这一调和，调和要合乎时序，又要注意时令，调和的最终结果要味美适口。所以中国菜几乎每个菜都要用两种以上的原料和多种调料来调和烹制。即或是家常菜，一般也是荤素搭配来调和烹制的，如韭黄炒肉 、肉片炒蒜苗、腐竹焖肉、芹菜炒豆腐干……而此等原料若西厨烹制，则奶汁肉丝外加白水煮韭黄，或炸猪排佐以清水煮蒜苗，中国食客见如此中菜西做，自然是“哭不得笑不得”。
也是基于对营养的重视，西方人多生吃蔬菜，不仅西红柿、黄瓜、生菜生吃，就是洋白菜、洋葱、绿菜花（西兰花）也都生吃。因而他们的“沙拉”有如一盘兔饲料，使我们难以接受。现代中国人也讲营养保健，也知道青菜一经加热，维生素将被破坏，梁唯烂因而我们主张用旺火爆炒。这虽然也使维生素的含量下降，但不会完全损失，可味道却比兔饲料好吃得多。因而中国的现代烹调术旨在追求营养与味道兼顾下的最佳平衡，这当然也是一种“中庸之道”。 而西方烹调也更讲究营养却忽视了橡漏味道，至少是不以味觉享受为首要目的。他山腔们以冷饮佐餐，冰镇的冷酒还要再加冰块，而舌表面遍布的味觉神经一经冰镇，便大大丧失品味的灵敏度，渐至不能辨味；那带血的牛排与大白鱼、大白肉，生吃的蔬菜，白水煮豆子、煮土豆，虽有“味”入“道”，凡此种种都反映了西方人对味觉的忽视。他们拒绝使用味精，更足以证明此辈皆属不知味之人，非“知味观”之座上客也！
平心而论，谈到营养问题也触及到中国饮食的最大弱点。尽管我们讲究食疗、食补、食养，重视以饮食来养生强身，但我们的烹调术却以追求美味为第一性要求，致使许多营养成分损失于加工过程中。
我们从来都是把追求美味奉为进食的首要目的。民间有句俗话：“民以食为天，食以味为先”。虽然人们在赞誉美食时，总爱说“色香味俱佳”，但那是由于我们感受色香味的感觉器官“眼、鼻、口”的上下排列顺序如此。人们内心之于“色、香、味”，从来都是“味”字“挂帅”的。
------------
Diet Culture difference between China and America.（中美饮食文化的差异）这篇可以参考：）~
The main difference between Chinese and America eating habits is that unlike, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine. Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (e.g. four people, five dishes). If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impossible to finish.
A typical meal starts with some cold dishes, like boiled peanuts and smashed cucumber with garlic. These are followed by the main courses, hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally soup is brought out, which is followed by the starchy "staple" food, which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes mplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so early on.
--------
浅谈中美饮食文化差异
【摘 要】 随着人们经济水平的不断提高,人们对饮食质量的要求也越来越高。因此,饮食文化逐渐成为人们所关注的话题。随着中国与世界接轨越来越紧密，许多新鲜事也不断涌入国内,其中当然包括饮食。例如,在中国的一些城市里类似于麦当劳,肯德基的餐厅如雨后春笋般地开业。而中国的饮食也是世界享誉的,有华人处必有中国餐馆。在美国,中国餐馆遍地开花,中国餐馆在美国有着百年历史。正是由于中国人走向世界各地并带去我们的饮食文化,而外国人也逐渐走进中国传播他们的饮食文化,因此便出现了多种不同饮食文化并存的局面。现今社会,许多人都抱着好奇的心态去品尝不同国家的食物,但真正了解饮食文化不同之处的人却不多。
【关键词】 中国;美国;饮食;差异
引言
俗话说“出门三大事，吃，穿，住”，“吃”是摆在首位的，可以看出“吃”在中国人眼里的重要性,饮食在中国是一种文化。饮食起居是人们常常谈及的话题,随着地域的不同,生活习惯也有着显著的差异,饮食文化往往是这个差异最显著的代表。徐熊(2001)指出,中美两国人民的饮食文化的差异，可以说是由两国文化、风俗、氛围、历史内涵、营养价值观和经济条件等不同的因素造成的。当今的人们只是肤浅地认为中美饮食文化最大的差异就在于中国人大多是用筷子，调羹吃着米饭的；而美国人则是用刀和叉，吃着牛排和面包的。其实这些仅仅只是表面上的差异，其中却还有着更深层次的不同，这些深层次的不同往往是被人们所忽视的，例如，饮食观念的不同‚饮食习惯的不同，饮食方式的不同，饮食习俗的不同,烹饪方法的不同，以及“吃”的对象的不同等等。这些不同才是中美饮食文化差异的根本所在。下面就对这些不同做更详尽的解释。
(一) 饮食观念的不同
谈到中国饮食文化，许多人会对中国食谱以及中国菜的色、香、味、形赞不绝口。中国饮食的诸多特征，体现在饮食文化之上，直接影响着中国饮食文化的发展。由于中国人口压力很大及其它多种原因的存在，所以中国人的饮食从先秦开始，就是以谷物为主，肉少粮多，辅以菜蔬，这就是典型的饭菜结构。其中饭是主食，而菜则是为了下饭，帮助饭下咽。为什么要助饭下咽呢？那是因为主食并不可口，必须有一种物质来辅助它使人们能够吃下去。当然菜的功能和盐的功能有共同点，但是不等同于盐。这样促使中国的烹饪的首要目的是装点饮食，使不可口的食物变得精妙绝伦；正是由于我们的民族几千年来都处于低下的生产力水平,人们总是吃不饱,所以中国人才将食的追求作为人生至乐来追求，吃饭成为第一要求。徐旺生（1993）指出，国人是很重视“吃”的，“民以食为天”这句谚语就说明我们把吃看得与天一样重要，所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的饮食文化，中国人之所以在吃的方面能够随心所欲，在很大程度上受到中国曾经吃不饱的日子所迫。
3、国外学者对中西方餐桌礼仪差异的研究 英文的~
One, two different diet idea
Contrast notice "flavour" Chinese food, western is a rational diet idea. Whatever food color, fragrance, taste, shape how, and nutritional must be guaranteed, pay attention to how many calories a day to absorb vitamin, protein, etc. Even if taste machine-made, also must continue to eat -- because nutritious. This diet idea with western whole philosophy system is adaptable to. Metaphysics is the main characteristics of western philosophy. Western philosophy has been the object of study for what reason, what reason is often metaphysical academic, metaphysical academic mutual coherent, then form the metaphysical philosophy. This philosophy to western culture with life and make in natural science, psychology and methodology realized by leaps and bounds development. But in other ways, this kind of his philosophy greatly up side effect, such as the diet culture. In the banquet on, can exquisite tableware, exquisite makings, pay attention to service, exquisite cuisine of raw material of form, color aspect collocation; But no matter how luxurious high-grade, from Los Angeles to New York, steak is only a kind of taste, without art at all. As dishes, chicken is chicken, beef steak is steak, in spite of collocation, it is also in pan, a dish "French sheep row", while puts the mashed potatoes, beside lean on lamb chops, the other side cooked beans, add with some slices tomatoes becomes. On colour contrast, but in taste on various materials on each other, mediate, each is different flavour, simple and clear.
Chinese people are very seriously "eat", "saying" the old adage that we eat to see more with the days just as important. Due to our national thousands of years in the low level of proctivity, people always do not have enough to eat, so would have a unique eat to see everything diet culture, I think, this will probably be out of a survival needs it. If a cultural ate as the primary thing then will appear two phenomena: on the one hand may perceive this eat function to acme, not only survive, also use it to maintain a healthy, this also is the "diet cures more than the doctor" cultural basis; On the other hand, to eat excessively attention, can make the person praise highly of delicious pursuit.
In China, the cookery pursuit of delicious reached almost acme, that Chinese overseas to make a living, with open restaurant for a possession, and around the world has become our living fundamental! Unfortunately, when we put the pursuit of delicious as the first requirement, we are neglecting food most fundamental nutrition value, many of our traditional foods are through hot Fried and long time slow cooked Tun to make the dish of nutrients to sabotage, many nutrients are loss in the machining process. Therefore say to nutrition problems, actually gets to the biggest weakness of Chinese food culture. Folk have a saying "saying, food to taste first". Is this kind of delicious pursuit, but we ignore the real meaning of dinner.
Chinese in tasting food, often can say this dish "yummy", that is "is not good;" However, if want to further ask what call "delicious", why "yummy", "yummy" where, I'm afraid it's not easy made myself clear. This shows that the Chinese to diet of pursuit is a kind of difficult to explain in words "mood", namely, use people say normally "color, aroma, taste and shape, implement" to the "state" materialize and I'm afraid is still difficult to cover it.
The Chinese diet is has its distinctive charm, the key lies in its flavour. And delicious proced, is mixed, want to make food BenWei, heating later ripe flavour, plus ingredients and accessories flavors and condiment harmonic of flavour, interweave fusion coordinated together, make the complement each other mutual infiltration and cozy, we are inseparable. Chinese cooking cultured harmonic beauty, is China culinary art the right place. Its shape and color is external things, and taste is the insides of, heavy internal and not decorate painstakingly appearance, the heavy food taste without getting too revealed dishes of shape and color, this is China's beautiful sex diet conception of the most important performance.
In China, the beautiful sex pursue apparently diet, the diet overwhelmed the rational view and the traditional philosophy thought is matched. As eastern philosophy representing Chinese philosophy, its remarkable characteristics is macro, intuitive, fuzzy and unpredictable. Chinese food is mixed the method of making paper, is ultimately to ding concocted a good taste. The cultured is discretion is overall coordination. It contains rich Chinese philosophy thought of dialectics, everything with food taste of beauty, humorous is moved for degrees, degrees of protean determines the Chinese dishes rich and abound change, decided the Chinese cuisine cooking characteristics and even every cook characteristics.
Second, the differences between Chinese and western diet object
Westerners believe that food is to appease hunger, so only eating of meat, the entire block chicken "hard food." While Chinese cuisine is "taste", so the Chinese cooking, with makings also show great arbitrariness: many westerners as the outcast things in China are extremely good materials, foreign cook cannot handle things, to a Chinese chef hands, it can be changed decayed for magical. It serves to show the Chinese diet in materials and randomness of the rich.
According to western plants scholars of investigation, the Chinese eat the plants of the 600 many more than six times, western. In fact, in the Chinese dishes, vegetarian dishes are ordinary food, volunteers only in holidays or the life level is higher, did not enter the normal diet, so since ancient times will have "vegetable food" say, food food in the usual diet dominant. Chinese with plants as the main dish, and has thousands of buddhist the advocacy of silk ties. Wisp million They viewed the animals as "creatures", and plants, "no spirit", so, advocated vegetarianism.
Westerners about their country's food characteristic, feel more attention than China nutritional reasonable collocation, have relatively developed food instry, such as cans, fast food, although taste machine-made, but save time and good nutrition, so their country's human body is generally Chinese robust: tall, long legs, broad shoulders and developed muscles, But Chinese figure appears narrow thin, shoulder, color yellow qualitative short legs weakened. Someone according to the western diet object the obvious differences in this one characteristic, the Chinese call plants disposition, westerners called animal character.
Third, the different ways of diet
Chinese and western diet is very different ways, and the difference of national character may also be affected. In China, any banquets, whatever the purpose, will only have a kind of form that is what everyone round and round round, sharing a meal. Banquet with round, it from formally has created a unity, polite, altogether fun atmosphere. A table delicacies in the center, it is both a table people appreciate, tasting objects, again is a table of emotional communication medium. People drink a toast, mutual dishes for each other, persuaded dishes, the good things in front, manifests people between mutual respect, comity of virtue. Although from health perspective, means of this kind of food have obvious deficiency, but it meets our national "happy," the general state of mind, reflecting Chinese classical philosophy "and" this category in offspring thoughts influence, facilitate collective emotional communication, thus has difficult to reform.
Western-style food and wine catering, although very important, but actually it is as setoff. The party is the core of companionship, through and conversation between neighbour guest, achieve the purpose of companionship. If the party fellowship sex and dance similar than, then may say that, Chinese style banquets like ballroom dancing, and banquet is like men's and women's dancing. Therefore, Chinese style banquet and banquet companionship purpose are obvious, only Chinese style banquet is reflected morely feast, and fellowship western banquet guests between adjacent more embodies in the companionship. With the Chinese diet differences between them more visibly of popular western buffet. This method is: will all food -- displayed, everyone need, need not fixed in his seat, eat, ambulate freedom, this way facilitate emotional communication between indivials, need not be all words on the table, but also showed westerners to personality, self respect. But each eat each, each interferes missing some Chinese chat huan jihs emotional appeal.
So, in the final analysis or perceptual and rational differences. However, these differences seems to be with the development of science and become blurred. More and more Chinese people with no longer only paying attention to food color, fragrance, taste, and pay more attention to its health and nutrition. Especially after SARS later. Also, people because more and more busy job, think Chinese food do up too much trouble, as to a hamburger and convenient. So in the diet differences were not too clear.
4、中西饮食文化差异怎么翻译成英语？
The differences of diet culture between china and western countries
5、用英语写两国饮食文化,怎么写,六年级的
关于食物和饮食文化的英语散文
For some people food is just a necessity to satisfy basicneeds, for the others food is more than just a basic necessity, but a pleasurethat plays a significant role in their understanding of happiness. There are somany different cuisines and food preferences built by cultural and ethnicalbackgrounds, geographical locations and social classes. Food can tell us a lotabout the history and traditions of various nations and regions. Meat eatinghabits, herbs and crops – everything makes its contribution to the traditionalcuisine and culture. India is a land of spices, Africa is a continent ofsauces, Europe discloses esthetical beauty of food and opens up newopportunities and inventions for those who value and enjoy eating.
Eating habits change over time and followclimate, cultural and other transformations that determined the evolution ofthe communities and other social cells. Changes in the way people serve thetable, evolution of European and Asian business etiquette, food preferencesaccording to the surveys in different countries and other elements that allowmeasuring and analyzing the evolution of food help us understand the history.
大略翻译：
对一些人来说是必要的食物来满足basicneeds，为其他的神棚食物不仅仅是一个基本的必要性，但pleasurethat中起着重要的作用，他们对幸福的理解。有这么多不同的菜肴和食物偏好的文化和ethnicalbackgrounds建，地理位置和社会阶层。食物可以告诉我们许多关于不同国家的历史传统和地区。肉的饮食习惯，草本植物和农作物–一切对traditionalcuisine和文化的贡献。印度是一个土地的香料，非洲是一个大洲ofsauces，欧洲公开食品美学开辟了新的机遇与创造美的人的价值和喜欢吃。
饮食习惯的改变随着时间的推移，followclimate，文化和其他变换确定进化的社区和其他社会细胞。在人-服务方式的变化，欧洲和亚洲的商务礼仪的演变，食品preferencesaccording的调查在不同的国家和其他元素，allowmeasuring分析食物的进化让我们了解历史。
略谈中西方饮食文化差异 ：
餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上游岁则的不同程度的差异。正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而雀茄这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。
一、两种不同的饮食观念
对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方是一种理性饮食观念。不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去——因为有营养
中国人是很重视“吃”的，“民以食为天”这句谚语就说明我们把吃看得与天一样重要。由于我们这个民族几千年来都处于低下的生产力水平，人们总是吃不饱，所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的饮食文化，
在中国的烹调术中，对美味追求几乎达到极致，以至中国人到海外谋生，都以开餐馆为业，成了我们在全世界安身立命的根本！
中国人在品尝菜肴时，往往会说这盘菜“好吃”，那道菜“不好吃”；然而若要进一步问一下什么叫“好吃”，为什么“好吃”，“好吃”在哪里，恐怕就不容易说清楚了。这说明，中国人对饮食追求的是一种难以言传的“意境”，即使用人们通常所说的“色、香、味、形、器”来把这种“境界”具体化，恐怕仍然是很难涵盖得了的。
中国饮食之所以有其独特的魅力，关键就在于它的味。而美味的产生，在于调和，要使食物的本味，加热以后的熟味，加上配料和辅料的味以及调料的调和之味，交织融合协调在一起，使之互相补充，互助渗透，水乳交融，你中有我，我中有你。中国烹饪讲究的调和之美，是中国烹饪艺术的精要之处。菜点的形和色是外在的东西，而味却是内在的东西，重内在而不刻意修饰外表，重菜肴的味而不过分展露菜肴的形和色，这正是中国美性饮食观的最重要的表现。
在中国，饮食的美性追求显然压倒了理性，这种饮食观与中国传统的哲学思想也是吻合的。
二、中西饮食对象的差异
西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。
西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好，
中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。
西式饮宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上那是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。此法是将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。
翻译：
The Western diet culture difference on in
Food procts because of the influence of geographical features, climate,
customs and other factors, will appear in raw materials, taste, cooking method,
the diet habits on the different degrees of difference. It is because of these
differences, food procts with a strong regional. The differences between
Chinese and Western cultures makes differences between Chinese and Western food
culture, but this difference different from the Western way of thinking and
philosophy. Chinese pay attention to "the unity of heaven and man", Westerners
focus on "people-oriented". The one or two kind of different diet ideas
Comparison on the "flavor" of Chinese diet, the Western diet is a rational
concept. Regardless of food color, fragrance, taste, how to shape, and nutrition
must be guaranteed, about a day to the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and
so on. Even if the taste is follow the same pattern, must eat -- because of
nutrition Chinese attach great importance to "eat", "hunger breeds
discontentment" this proverb means that we eat to see important and day. Because
our nation for thousands of years in the low level of proctivity, people
always do not have enough to eat, so there will be a unique to eat again in all
diet culture, In Chinese cookery, to almost the ultimate pursuit of delicious,
and Chinese living overseas, both for the restaurant instry, has become the
fundamental we settle down in the world! Chinese in the tasting dishes, they
will say that this dish "delicious", that dish "delicious"; however to further
ask what is "delicious", why "delicious", "delicious" where, I am afraid it is
not easy to say clear. This shows that, Chinese's pursuit of food is difficult
to explain in words of a "mood", that is, the use of people often say "color,
smell, taste, shape," to this "state" specific, it is still difficult to cover.
Chinese diet has its unique charm, the key lies in its taste. And delicious
proce, is to reconcile, for the taste of food, after heating the cooked
flavor, and taste the ingredients and accessories and reconcile the flavor of
spices, mix together in harmony, so as to complement each other, mutual
penetration, get along swimmingly with each other, you have me, I have you.
Chinese cooking pay attention to harmony, is the essence of the place Chinese
culinary art. Dish of shape and color are the external things, but taste is
something intrinsic, rather than deliberately modified internal re appearance,
flavor and not too heavy dishes show dish of shape and color, this is the China
United States the concept of eating the most important performance. In China,
diet beautiful pursue explicit
德国饮食
一、饮食习惯:
德国人多属日尔曼族。The germans are the Germanic family.
2.爱好“大块吃肉，大口喝酒”。“ Big eat meat, big drink”.
3.每人每年的猪肉消费量达66千克。Each year 66 kg of pork consumption.
4.居世界首位。Occupies the world first place.
5.德国的早餐比起午餐和晚餐是最丰盛的。Germany than breakfast lunch and dinneris the most abundant.
6.酒宴上，德国人互不劝酒也不逼酒，喝者各自量力而为。The germans are not forced QuanJiuwine, drink each person over your head.
7.德国的饮食特点是营养丰富，方便省时，文明科学，吃饱吃好。Germany's food characteristic are rich innutrients, convenient province, civilization science, eat satisfied eat well.
8.德国人主食为黑麦、小麦和土豆，面包是德国人最喜爱的食品；还喜欢吃奶酪、香肠配以生菜色拉和水果。German staple food for wheat and ryebread, potatoes are German favorite food; Also like to eat cheese sausage matchwith lettuce salad and fruit.
9.德国人吃饭讲究实惠，不图浮华。TheGerman people eat cultured for affordable, glitz.
10.德国人口味喜清淡、甜酸，不爱吃油腻食品，不爱吃辣。German taste like light sweet and sour,
not the love eat greasy food, not the love eat spicy.
11.在饮料方面，德国人最爱喝啤酒，也爱喝葡萄酒。 In the drink, the germans love to drink beer, also love to drink wine.
二、餐饮礼仪
1.当德国人在宴会上或用餐时，他们注重女士优先的原则。
When the germans in the party or have dinner, they paying
attention to the principle of lady first .
2.他们有个习俗，那就是吃鱼的刀叉不能用来吃别的。They have a custom, that is knives and forks to eat fishcannot be used to eat the others.
三、著名的德国菜品
•Sauerbraten——醋切牛肉
•SchweinebratCn——烤猪肉
•Schwelnehaxen——成猪蹄
•Sauerkraut——酸白菜
•Maultaschen——肉菠菜大馄饨(斯图加特美食)
•Knodel——马铃薯麦团
•Linsensuppe——扁豆汤
•Kartoffelsuppe——马铃薯汤
•Zwiebelkuchen——洋葱事肉饼
•Rinderroulade——牛肉卷
•Forelle
Mullerin——炸河鳟
•Hering——胶鲜鱼
6、中美饮食文化比较
一，饮食观念不同，比如西方人侧重营养，中国人注重美味。
二，饮食方式不同，比如西方人侧重交谊，中国人注重气氛和愉悦。
三，饮食习惯不同，比如西方人习惯用刀叉，中国人习惯用筷子
四，饮食环境不同，比如西方人注重精致，中国人注重排场
五，饮食口味不同，比如西方人吃甜食，中国人大多以咸为主。
以上只是概略性的说明，你可以展开论述。
可参照：
略谈中西方饮食文化差异
餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。
这里简要从下面三个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。
一、两种不同的饮食观念
对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方是一种理性饮食观念。不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去芹肢——因为有营养。这一饮食观念同西方整个哲学体系是相适应的。形而上学是西方哲学的主要特点。西方哲学所研究的对象为事物之理，事物之理常为形上学理，形上学理互相连贯，便结成形上哲学。这一哲学给西方文化带来生机，使之在自然科学上、心理学上、方法论上实现了突飞猛进的发展。但在另一些方面，这种哲学主张大大地起了阻碍作用，如饮食文化。在宴席上，可以讲究餐具，讲究用料，讲究服务，讲究菜之原料的形、色方面的搭配；但不管怎么豪华高档，从洛杉矶到纽约，牛排都只有一种味道，无艺术可言。作为菜肴，鸡就是鸡，牛排就是牛排，纵然有搭配，那也是在盘中进行的，一盘“法式羊排”，一边放土豆泥，旁倚羊排，另一边配煮青豆，加几片番茄便成。色彩上对比鲜明，但在滋味上各种原料互不相干、调和，各是各的味，简单明了。
中国人是很重视“吃”的，“民以食为天”这句谚语就说明我们把吃看得与天一样重要。由于我们这个民族几千年来都处于低下的生产力水平，人们总是吃不饱，所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的饮食文化，我想，这大概是出于一种生存需要吧。如果一种文化把吃看成首要的事，那么就会出现两种现象：一方面会把这种吃的功能发挥到极致，不仅维持生存，也利用它维持健康，这也就是”药补不如食补”的文化基础；另一方面，对吃的过份重视，会使人推崇对美味的追求。
在中国的烹调术中，对美味追求几乎达到极致，以至中国人到海外谋生，都以开餐馆为业，成了我们在全世界安身立命的根本！遗憾的是，当我们把追求美味作为第一要求时，我们却忽略了食物最根本的营养价值，我们的很多传统食品都要经过热油炸和长时间的文火饨煮，使菜肴的营养成分受到破坏，许多营养成分都损失在加工过程中了。因而一说到营养问题，实际上就触及到了中国饮食文化的最大弱点。民间有句俗话：“民以食为天，食以味为先”。就是这种对美味的追求，倒使我们忽略了吃饭的真正意义。
中国人在品尝菜肴时，往往会说这盘菜“好吃”，那道菜“不好吃”；然而若要进一步问一下什么叫“好吃”，为什么“好吃”，“好吃”在哪里，恐怕就不容易说清楚了。这说明，中国人对饮食追求的是一种难以言传的“意境”，即使用人们通常所说的“色、香、味、形、器”来把这种“境界”具体化，恐怕仍然是很难涵盖得了的。
中国饮食之所以有其独特的魅力，关键就在于它的味。而美味的产生，在于调和，要使食物的本味，加热以后的熟味，加上配料和辅料的味以及调料的调和之味，交织融合协调在一起，使之互相补充，互助渗透，水乳交融，你中有我，我中有你。中国烹饪讲究的调和之美，是中国烹饪艺术的精要之处。菜点的形和色是外在的东西，而味却是内在的东西，重内在而不刻意修饰兆败外表，重菜肴的味而不过分展露菜肴的形和色，这正是中国美性饮食观的最重要的表现。
在中国，饮食的美性追求显然压倒了理性，这种饮食观与中国传统的哲学思想也是吻合的。作为东方哲学代表的中国哲学，其显著特点是宏观、直观、模糊及不可捉摸。中国菜的制作方法是调和鼎鼐，最终是要调和出一种美好的滋味。这一讲究的就是分寸，就是整体的配合。它包含了中国哲学丰富的辩证法思想，一切以菜的味的美好、谐调为度，度以内的千变万化就决定了中国菜的丰富和富于变化，决定了中国菜嫌猜世菜系的特点乃至每位厨师的特点。
二、中西饮食对象的差异
西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。
据西方的植物学者的调查，中国人吃的菜蔬有600多种，比西方多六倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假日或生活水平较高时，才进入平常的饮食结构，所以自古便有“菜食”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。中国人的以植物为主菜，与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千缕万丝的联系。他们视动物为“生灵”，而植物则“无灵”，所以，主张素食主义。
西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时，觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配，有较为发达的食品工业，如罐头、快餐等，虽口味千篇一律，但节省时间，且营养良好，故他们国家的人身体普遍比中国人健壮：高个、长腿、宽大的肩、发达的肌肉；而中国人则显得身材瘦小、肩窄腿短、色黄质弱。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点，把中国人称为植物性格，西方人称为动物性格。
三、饮食方式的不同
中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革。
西式饮宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上那是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比，那么可以说，中式宴席好比是集体舞，而西式宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和西式宴会交谊的目的都很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交谊，而西式宴会多体现于相邻宾客之间的交谊。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。此法是：将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。
所以，归根结底还是感性与理性之间的差异。但是，这种差异似乎在随着科学的发展而变的模糊。越来越多的中国人以不再只注重菜的色、香、味，而更注重它的卫生与营养了。尤其是在经历了非典以后。还有，人们因为越来越繁忙的工作，觉得中餐做起来太麻烦，不如来个汉堡方便等。这样一来在饮食上差异也就不太分明了。
7、怎么将“饮食文化”翻译成英语
通常用的比较多的是野笑food calture，其他什么diet culture啊蚂派，cooking culture啊，都比较生硬，外国人说的很颂物含少。
8、英文翻译 中美文化差异
The nationality of metaphor translation of words is the basis of metaphor in the similar or related associations, it is like a mirror which reflects the social mentality and metaphor used more image description, borrow etc, make the person proces large lenovo's vocabulary. Because of the historical development of different nationalities, each with particular parables people or things to reflect the words of the national history and culture, which gave parables color on distinctive national brand. Example: the English one 'S useful "Waterloo (from) in Waterloo, napoleon in Belgium town in the 19th century, the historical events - Waterloo is commonly used to describe it, while Chinese failure in a idiom" fail "refers to the Madison three days after the defeat cha guan yu shu Madison historical events, they are commonly used to describe now failure. These two words were derived from different historical events, in the expression "failure" mean in this layer is the same, although each has the same but overstepping languages of ethnic characteristics are very obvious. As Chinese idioms "with" the shiji, to not LiuHouLu, determined to slog. "One of the English burn boats, original refers to the Roman army crossed the Rubicon by Julius after all the ferry to burn that already cut back, soldiers, this world only desperate to burn the" Chinese "is similar. Be like again, in the han nationality culture, the rabbit is the symbol of fast, so in ancient Chinese "quiet, the DongReTuoTu", but in English is "chicken" rabbit, hence the symbol of a timid as timid as a hare (r), and with "in Chinese is to describe the coward. Describe someone in Chinese, "thin thin like monkeys," in English asthin said a shadow (thin like shadow), Describe someone in Chinese, "said the beggar," English as good as said in a churchmouse (as poor as a church mouse), Chinese "and" underwater miserly bottle ", the corresponding English is that money to spend money like water likewater (air) and fishing fishing (air). Above example, ethnic language expression distinct characteristics, are other language culture cannot replace. Therefore, in the process of translation, we should respect the ethnic culture words and characteristics of personality, retain their language and expression of form. 6 regional cultural differences of words, the influence of English translation is an island is the role of the state in the ocean history. Therefore, English, water price boat, etc and Marine and nautical concerned words often endowed with special feelings and implication. These words are can reflect the regional culture characteristics: under the water feel unwell feeling all at sea loss to one 's very big head above water to trim your sails unyielding and han nationality in Asia self-healing effcet life reproction, mainland people cannot live without land, pine and bamboo, mei plant endowed with special feelings and meaning, which means "lyric, Daniel, such as" what is the matter of crane prolong "and" assurance ", etc. Different cultures that two kinds of language expression in some of the affected. Such as Chinese ", "said miserly extravagance, English is like water that money, Chinese have used to describe something new, "", the corresponding English are like mushroom is rising. Regional cultural differences make the same phenomenon or things on the language form, but also in other position and orientation of the different perceptions of correspondence. As in the han nationality orientation, east east for (a), west of El humbled (fall), south west El for honour, north humbled, people often say: "always" from south to north, and English culture "in Anglo-American instead, just come from the regional culture of English, so the understanding of southeast, northeast, northwest, southwest, southeast of shang is respectively: northeast, northwest, and.
9、翻译:中外就餐文化的不同,中国人吃饭是放在盘里一起吃 外国人各吃各的
the difference on dining between the westners and easterners
In Chinese food cullture,all dishes are served on the table,everyone at table can reach to whatever dish they like ;while the westners just have their own portion.