狄更斯圣诞节
1、圣诞颂歌 狄更斯 电影
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2、狄更斯的圣诞之谜:与史克鲁奇一起啜饮解谜吸烟主教
说到虚构的宴会,查尔斯·狄更斯的《圣诞颂歌》抢走了众所周知的蛋糕。或者,我们应该说,李子布丁?整个故事,就像史克鲁奇的卧室一样,堆满了肉馅馅饼、香肠花圈、烤栗子和一碗碗热气腾腾的黄酒,让每一页都显得温馨而“因其美味的蒸汽而黯淡”。从费齐威格舞会上的烤牛肉和浓烈的英国啤酒,到克拉奇特一家美味的圣诞鹅,都被塞得满满当当轮缺迹加上鼠尾草和洋葱,就足以让你的季节味蕾流涎。在21世纪的这一边,英国美食的粉丝们热烈欢迎狄更斯每年的邀请,请他在斯克鲁奇和同伴旁边拉一把椅子,享受老式维多利亚式圣诞节扮歼的所有美味佳肴,狄更斯经典的一餐就要结束了,我们发现自己在卡罗尔菜单的最后一项上不安地扮演主角。在这里,在最后一章,史克鲁奇吼出了这本书的第一个食物参考,留下了一些需要的东西:
“圣诞快乐,鲍勃!“史克鲁奇说,他的诚恳是不会错的……我们将在今天下午,在一个圣诞大碗里讨论你的事情,一位冒烟的主教……”
如果伟大的作者会原谅双关语,狄更斯冒烟的主教是什么?虽然我们可以排除一个失火牧师的字面意思,而且非常不合情理(史克鲁奇是个吝啬的暴躁者,但他不是食人族),但现在是时候到这个神秘碗的底部,最后完成这场盛宴了。
从表面开始,吸烟的主教有着酒精饮料。毕竟,在书中最初的场景插图中,鲍勃·克拉奇特的脸上显然洋溢着只有烈酒才能变出的令人眼花缭乱的表情。但也有更多的历史证据。具体地说,维多利亚时代的英国人有一个臭名昭著的不信教的习惯,就是在教会官员之后偷取烈性混合物。“教皇是勃艮第,红衣主教是香槟或黑麦,大主教是红葡萄酒,主腊并教是波特,”查尔斯的曾孙、《与狄更斯饮酒》一书的作者塞德里克·狄更斯说。这些标题,不管多么不敬,很可能反映了一个古老的笑话的变化:牧师们把圣灵的安慰换成了一个更具流动性的。因此,波特的深紫色与主教传统的紫色长袍很相似,因此有了教士的别名。
,但史克鲁奇并不简单地要求一碗主教。波特匆匆地倒进了一个碗里,这场世界上最伟大的文学盛宴几乎无法结束。相反,“吸烟主教”是他的确切说法,这是我们的第二条线索。烟熏包括加热和加热葡萄酒,特别是在圣诞节,这不仅仅意味着让它沸腾。本质上,它意味着使葡萄酒变甜,并用最温暖的香料调味,这是一种真正的液体火药剂,适合最寒冷的冬夜。
无可否认,这是一个非常广泛的总结喝了很多酒,但幸运的是,狄更斯给我们留下了更多的细节。在他的另一个圣诞故事中,他写道,冒烟的主教是一种散发着“成熟葡萄园、香料林和橘子园香味”的香水。虽然他并没有确切地揭示这种香料橘子园是如何神奇地进入这种圣诞饮料的,但时期食谱却诱人地描述了烘烤的主题,丁香注入的桔子在加糖港口的一个炖容器中摇动。因此,现代的美酒师经常把吸烟主教的味道描述为最像一个温暖的桑格里亚。在一个寒冷的12月夜晚,一碗热气腾腾的加了香料的柑橘是一种很好的方式来唤起那些温暖的圣诞精神。老史克鲁奇当然知道一两件事了。
查尔斯狄更斯的吸烟主教*
服务8-10个
5个橘子
1个葡萄柚
3、狄更斯的《圣诞颂歌》给英国社会带来了什么?
狄更斯的小说《圣诞颂歌》给1当时的英国社会带来了一种欢乐祥和、温暖和谐的气氛。 狄更斯写《圣诞颂歌》的事情要从头说起: 1843年10月初的一个夜晚,查尔斯·狄更斯从伦敦里金特公园附近自己的家里走了出来。黄昏的暮气驱散了白天反常的湿气。他迈动双腿,开始了自己称之为“通过城市黑色街道”的散步。
狄更斯时年31岁,生有4个孩子,正处在事业的顶峰上。《匹克威克外传》、《雾
都孤儿》和《尼古拉斯·尼可贝》这三本书颇受读者青睐,在世界文坛上享有盛名。可是此时此刻,这位作家却陷于严重的困境之中。
几个月前,出版商告知,新小说的销量不是原来估计的那么高,看来必须削价才卖得出去。这个消息使狄更斯不知所措,他的才华似乎要打上一个问号,自己贫困的童年生活又重现在眼前,真是令人不寒而栗。作家维持着一个大家庭的生活,支出的费用已经超出自己力所能及的范围。加上他的父亲和兄弟要来借钱,而且妻子凯特不久将生第五个孩子,该怎么办呢?
整个夏天,狄更斯都在为不断增加的账单特别是房屋的抵押借款发愁。他在海边的一个胜地避暑,可晚上却无法入睡,常常在悬崖峭壁上徘徊几个小时。作家知道必须设法挣一大笔钱才能解决问题,而且越快越好。但是他发现,在沮丧和消沉中是无法写出东西来的。回到伦敦之后,他寄希望于每天晚上的散步,借此来产生创作的灵感。
来自煤气灯摇曳不定的黄色光亮照亮了狄更斯脚下的路,他通过伦敦较富裕的街区,然后来到泰晤士河畔。作家面前所出现的是一片破败凋零的景象:垃圾成堆,阴沟纵横,妓女、扒手和乞丐在街上随处可见。他触景生情,回忆起时常困扰自己睡眠的噩梦。无力还债的担忧像幽灵似地萦绕着狄更斯的心头,令他担惊受怕。就在他拖着疲惫的身躯返回家的途中,心中突然一亮:写一个圣诞故事怎么样?他要给那些与自己有着相同的经历、苦难和追求的人写这样一个故事。
然而离圣诞节还不到三个月了,如此之短的时间怎么能完成呢?对了!写一个短篇。11月底之前必须脱稿,然后印刷出版,赶上圣诞购物高潮。为了抓紧速度,作家决定以《匹克威克外传》其中一节中的圣诞怪物为线索,进行构思和创作。
狄更斯经过深思熟虑,构思的基本情节简单明了,能让孩子读懂;与此同时,含义深刻的主题又可以激发起成年人对往事的回忆和生活的激情。在写作的过程中,作家的认识也有所变化,由原来只想单纯地挣一笔书稿费来还债的想法,变成了向人们展示充满光明和希望的圣诞节的大计划。
每天早晨,狄更斯就开始挥笔写作,沉浸在无比的激动之中。“我的确是被迷住了,几乎不肯把它闲置半刻。”他后来在给一位记者的信中写道,“在写作时,我与主人公一起哭泣,一同欢笑,完全融化在他们之中。”
吝啬鬼伊本尼泽·史克鲁奇,在昔日合伙人幽灵的警告以及“过去”、“现在”、“未来”三位精灵的帮助下,他终于明白是自己昔日的所作所为而失去了爱情、幸福、快乐和生命。虽然自己是这样的一个人,但在美好的圣诞节还能得到别人诚挚热切的祝福,发誓改过自新。仁慈的上帝在担负拯救人类重任的救世主这天,也降临了他的宽恕,整个故事在呈现一个焕然一新的快乐的奇迹中圆满收场。
作家还亲自动手负责书的设计和装帧,决定用烫金的精美封面,内装红色和绿色相间的扉页和彩色衬页,分别配上四幅蚀刻画和木刻画作为插图。为了能让更多的穷人买得起,他把书的价格定为5先令。
《圣诞颂歌》在1843年的12月2日完稿,交印刷商付印,12月17日开始销售。狄更斯十分高兴,深信这本书一定会得到人们的喜爱。然而他和出版商却没有估计到,反应竟然会如此强烈。第一版6000本在圣诞节前夜便销售一空。不少人因为没有买到书而感到可惜,希望能马上再版。 狄更斯收到国内外大量热情洋溢的信件,它们来自素不相识的陌生人之手。有的谈起了自己的家庭,有的描绘了全家人坐在壁炉前朗读《圣诞颂歌》的动人情景,有的说为《圣诞颂歌》精心制作了特别的小书架以便妥为保存。“这本书看上去是那么小那么薄,但却是英国的财富。”小说家威廉
4、圣诞节:狄更斯笔下的圣诞颂歌
19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家。携雹狄更斯特别注意描写生活在英国社会底层的“小人物”游滚的生活遭遇,深刻地反映了当时英国复杂的社会现实,为英国批判现实主义文学的开拓和发展做出了卓越的贡献。
Today in 1843, Charles Dickens published "A Christmas Carol" in England.
The story is about sour and stingy Ebenezer Scrooge's ideological, ethical, and emotional transformation after the supernatural visitations of Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmases Past, Present, and Future. The novella met with instant success and critical acclaim.
The book was written and published in early Victorian-era Britain when the country was experiencing a nostalgic interest in its forgotten Christmas traditions and at a time when new customs such as Christmas trees and greeting cards were being introced.
Dickens was not the first author to celebrate the Christmas season in literature, but it was he who superimposed his secular vision of the holiday upon the public. The forces that impelled Dickens to create a powerful, impressive and enring tale were the profoundly humiliating experiences of his childhood, the plight of the poor and their children ring the boom decades of the 1830s and 1840s, and Washington Irving's stories of the traditional English Christmas.
The tale has been viewed as an indictment of nineteenth century instrial capitalism and was adapted several times to the stage. It also has been credited with restoring the holiday to one of merriment and festivity in Britain and America after a period of sobriety and somberness. "A Christmas Carol" has always remained popular, has never been out of print, and has been adapted to film, opera and other media.
Although the phrase "Merry Christmas"神隐余 was popularized following the appearance of the story, and the name "Scrooge" and exclamation "Bah! Humbug!" entered the English language, Ruth Glancy, [Who is she?] argues the book's singular achievement is the powerful influence it has exerted upon its readers.
In the spring of 1844, "The Gentleman's Magazine" attributed a sudden burst of charitable giving in Britain to Dickens's novella. In 1874, Robert Louis Stevenson waxed enthusiastic after reading Dickens's Christmas books and vowed to give generously. And Thomas Carlyle expressed generous hospitality by staging two Christmas dinners after reading the book. In America, a Mr. Fairbanks attended a reading of the book on Christmas Eve in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1867, and was so moved he closed his factory on Christmas Day and sent every employee a turkey.
The tale begins on Christmas Eve seven years after the death of Ebenezer Scrooge's business partner Jacob Marley. Scrooge is established within the first stanza as a greedy and stingy businessman who has no place in his life for kindness, compassion, charity or benevolence. After being warned by Marley's ghost to change his ways, Scrooge is visited by three additional ghosts who accompany him to various scenes with the hope of achieving his transformation.
The first of the spirits, the Ghost of Christmas Past, takes Scrooge to the scenes of his boyhood and youth which stir the old miser's gentle and tender side by reminding him of a time when he was more innocent. The second spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Present, takes Scrooge to several radically differing scenes (a joy-filled market of people buying the makings of Christmas dinner, the family feast of Scrooge's near-impoverished clerk Bob Cratchit, a miner's cottage, and a lighthouse among other sites) in order to evince from the miser a sense of responsibility for his fellow man. The third spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, harrows Scrooge with dire visions of the future if he does not learn and act upon what he has witnessed. Scrooge's own neglected and untended grave is revealed, prompting the miser to aver that he will change his ways in hopes of changing these "shadows of what may be."
In the fifth and final stave, Scrooge awakens Christmas morning with joy and love in his heart, then spends the day with his nephew's family after anonymously sending a prize turkey to the Cratchit home for Christmas dinner. Scrooge has become a different man overnight, and now treats his fellow men with kindness, generosity, and compassion, gaining a reputation as a man who embodies the spirit of Christmas. The story closes with the narrator confirming the validity, completeness and permanence of Scrooge's transformation.
5、请问狄更斯的圣诞小说分别是那几部?
《圣复诞颂歌》(A Christmas Carol )是英国伟大的批制判现实主义作家查尔斯•狄更斯(Charles Dickens)的三部圣诞小说之一,创作于1843年。其他两部为《钟声》(The Chimes ) 和《炉边的窸蟀》(The Cricket on the Hearth)。